Participation In Leisure Activities Research Articles

Leisure activity participation among older adults: a review

ABSTRACT As the ageing population grows, the health and well-being of older adults have emerged as critical public concerns. Participating in leisure activities offers significant physical, mental, and social advantages for the elderly. Nonetheless, there’s a noticeable gap in the systematic analysis of these activities’ evolution over time. This bibliometric study delves into the domain of leisure activities for older adults, scrutinising scholarly articles from 1990 to 2023, indexed in SCOPUS. With an analysis of 612 English journal articles, it unveils developmental trends, pivotal themes, and unexplored areas. Highlighted research hotspots include dementia, physical activity, quality of life, life satisfaction, and health promotion, with a strategic blueprint outlining their interconnections and implications for policy and practice. This investigation not only charts the field’s landscape but also offers insightful directions for both scholarly inquiry and practical enhancements, aiming to improve the quality of life for the elderly. It concludes with discussions, managerial implications, limitations, future works, and conclusions to enrich the understanding of leisure activities’ development among older adults.

The benefits of leisure activities on healthy life expectancy for older people with diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether leisure activities can help reduce years lived with disability and increase healthy life expectancy of diabetics aged 50 years and above.MethodsAnalysis was based on five waves of follow-up survey data (Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging, TLSA) from 1996 to 2011. A total of 5131 participants aged 50 years and above in 1996 were included in the analysis, and gender, leisure activity participation, and diabetes mellitus were used as primary variables to examine the variation trend in health status in the participants. The health status in the various waves of surveys was measured using the activities of daily living scale, and nondisabled was defined as healthy. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) of the people aged 50 years and above.ResultsThe diabetes older people with a high frequency of leisure activities have longer HLE than those with lower activity frequency. Using 50-year-old diabetic women as an example, the LE (HLE) of those with six or more leisure activities and those with three or fewer leisure activities was 30.40 (25.34) and 24.90 (20.87), respectively. The LE (HLE) of men with the same conditions was 24.79 (22.68) and 20.30 (18.45), respectively.ConclusionsThis study used life expectancy and healthy life expectancy as markers to evaluate health benefits and provided evidence that leisure activities can help extend the life span and maintain the health status of middle-aged and older diabetics.

The bi-directional relationships between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function in older adults in China: separating between-person effects from within-person effects

ObjectiveTo examine the bi-directorial association between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function over a 7-year period.MethodsData analyzed was from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a large-scale longitudinal national study. The baseline survey was conducted in 2011 with follow-up every three years. We traced a total of 2718 participants over a period of 7 years. We used adjusted random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) to examine the bi-directorial associations between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function.ResultsWe observed bi-directorial associations between diversity of leisure activity and cognitive function across waves at the between-person and within-person levels. The adjusted random intercept cross-lagged panel models fitted the data appropriately, and the 3-year cross-lagged effects of prior diversified leisure activity participation on cognitive function (β = 0.058, p < 0.01) and cognitive function on subsequent diversified leisure activity participation (β = 0.047, p < 0.05) were significant. The results remained after adjusting the model for baseline sex, age, educational level, marital status and current residence, the number of chronic diseases, ADL, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, smoking, and drinking.ConclusionThis study suggests that a reciprocal causality relationship between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function, indicating a “positive circle” that further promotes cognition over time.

Short communication: Lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity in cognitive networks.

Participation in multimodal leisure activities, such as playing a musical instrument, may be protective against brain aging and dementia in older adults (OA). Potential neuroprotective correlates underlying musical activity remain unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in three higher-order brain networks: the Default Mode, Fronto-Parietal, and Salience networks. We assessed 130 cognitively unimpaired participants (≥ 60 years) from the baseline cohort of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study. Lifetime musical activity was operationalized by the self-reported participation in musical instrument playing across early, middle, and late life stages using the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). Participants who reported musical activity during all life stages (n = 65) were compared to controls who were matched on demographic and reserve characteristics (including education, intelligence, socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity, age, and sex) and never played a musical instrument (n = 65) in local (seed-to-voxel) and global (within-network and between-network) RSFC patterns using pre-specified network seeds. Older participants with lifetime musical activity showed significantly higher local RSFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (Default Mode Network seed) and temporal as well as frontal regions, namely the right temporal pole and the right precentral gyrus extending into the superior frontal gyrus, compared to matched controls. There were no significant group differences in global RSFC within or between the three networks. We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to higher RSFC of the medial prefrontal cortex with distant brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive and motor processes. Preserved or enhanced functional connectivity could potentially contribute to better brain health and resilience in OA with a history in musical activity. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).

The relationship between participation in leisure activities and incidence of falls in residential aged care.

Active engagement in leisure activities has positive effects on individuals' health outcomes and social functioning; however, there is limited understanding of the link between participation in leisure activities, particularly non-exercise activities, and falls in older adults. This study aimed to determine the relationship between participation in leisure activities and the incidence of falls, and the variation of this relationship by dementia status in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). A retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilising routinely collected data (January 2021-August 2022) from 25 RACFs in Sydney, Australia, was conducted. The cohort included 3,024 older permanent residents (1,493 with dementia and 1,531 without) aged ≥65 and with a stay of ≥1 week. The level of participation in leisure activities was measured using the number of leisure activities per 1,000 resident days and divided into quartiles. Outcome measures were the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls (i.e., number of falls per 1,000 resident days). We used multilevel negative binary regression to examine the relationship between leisure participation and fall incidence. For the whole sample, leisure participation was significantly inversely associated with the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls. For example, residents in the high leisure participation group were 26% less likely to experience a fall compared to those in the low leisure participation group after controlling for confounders (incidence rate ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.60, 0.91). Such inverse relationship was observed in both exercise and non-exercise activities and was stronger among residents without dementia. Leisure participation is associated with a lower rate of falls, a key quality indicator by which RACFs are benchmarked and funded in Australia and many other countries. More recognition and attention are needed for the currently underfunded leisure activities in RACFs in future funding arrangement.

Disease burden and unmet need for acute allergic reactions – A patient perspective

BackgroundAcute allergic reactions (AARs) occur shortly after exposure to an allergen, and the severity is on a continuum. Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are mainstay treatment of moderate to severe AARs, whereas those at risk of the most severe AARs (ie, anaphylaxis) are also recommended prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors. There is limited research on the impact of AARs not fulfilling the criteria for anaphylaxis. We have characterized a sample with a history of moderate to severe AARs and evaluated their self-reported disease burden (ie, daily life impact, anxiety, and treatment impediments). MethodsSurvey study of adults with experience of AARs treated with CS. Participants recruited from a web-based panel and using social media were asked to complete a questionnaire related to their allergy and experience of AARs. The results were summarized for the whole sample and across subgroups with and without prescription of epinephrine. ResultsThe final study sample included 387 participants (80% women, mean age 41), of which 129 (33%) had at some point been prescribed epinephrine. The most common symptoms were respiratory (80%) and skin (78%) manifestations, and the mean (standard deviation, SD) self-rated severity score (scale from 0 [very mild] to 10 [very severe]) of the most recent AAR was 6.1 (2.0). More than 80% had experience of AARs interrupting daily activities and 50% of AARs that had limited work/studies or participation in leisure activities. Most of the respondents reported some degree of anxiety related to AARs and 43% had feared for their lives. Moreover, difficulties swallowing allergy medicine at an AAR was experienced by 26% and not having the medicine available when needed by 66%. Participants with prescription of epinephrine experienced more severe AARs than those without such prescription (mean [SD] severity 6.8 [2.1] vs 5.8 [1.8], p < 0.0001); however, also those without epinephrine prescription reported considerable anxiety and impact on daily life and to a similar degree as those with prescription. ConclusionsIn this sample, subjects with experience of AARs treated with CS showed a considerable disease burden with anxiety and interruption on daily life, as well as problems related to access to, and swallowing of, medication. Although respondents with epinephrine prescription had more severe disease, a high disease burden was also evident among those without epinephrine. The study increases the knowledge of people with moderate to severe AARs, a patient population that has previously been underrepresented in the research literature.

A Scoping Review on Mobile Health Technology for Assessment and Intervention of Upper Limb Motor Function in Children with Motor Impairments.

Upper limb (UL) motor dysfunctions impact residual movement in hands/shoulders and limit participation in play, sports, and leisure activities. Clinical and laboratory assessments of UL movement can be time-intensive, subjective, and/or require specialized equipment and may not optimally capture a child's motor abilities. The restrictions to in-person research experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have inspired investigators to design inclusive at-home studies with child participants and their families. Relying on the ubiquity of mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth) applications offer solutions for various clinical and research problems. This scoping review article aimed to aggregate and synthesize existing research that used health technology and mHealth approaches to evaluate and assess the hand function and UL movement in children with UL motor impairment. A scoping review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) model was conducted in March 2023 yielding 25 articles (0.32% of 7891 studies). Assessment characteristics included game or task-based tests (13/25, 52%), primarily for neurological disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder [ASD], dystonia, dysgraphia) or children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although several mHealth studies were conducted in the clinical environment (10/25, 40%), studies conducted at home or in nonclinical settings (15/25, 60%) reported acceptable and highly satisfactory to the patients as minimizing the potential risks in participation. Moreover, the remaining barriers to clinical translation included object manipulation on a touch screen, offline data analysis, real-world usability, and age-appropriate application design for the wider population. However, the results emphasize the exploration of mHealth over traditional approaches, enabling user-centered study design, family-oriented methods, and large-scale sampling in future research.

The longitudinal relationship between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults: an autoregressive cross-lagged analysis approach

BackgroundExisting studies have shown a correlation between leisure activities and depressive symptoms in older adults, but the direction of the longitudinal relationship is inconsistent. This study used an autoregressive cross-lagged model to examine the longitudinal relationship between leisure activity participation and geriatric depression.MethodsA total of 7,138 participants aged 60 years or older from the 2nd to the 4th wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analysed.ResultsFirst, present depressive symptoms were significantly associated with future depressive symptoms (β2013-2015 = .893, p < .001; β2015-2018 = .946, p < .001), and the same rule applied to leisure activities (β2013-2015 = .402, p < .001; β2015-2018 = .404, p < .001). Second, current depressive symptoms negatively predicted future leisure activities (β2013-2015 = –.071, p < .001; β2015-2018 = –.085, p < .001), but the inverse relationship was not statistically significant (β2013-2015 = –.003, p > .05; β2015-2018 = –.003, p > .05).ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting depressive symptoms to potentially enhance engagement in leisure activities among older adults. The results contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics between mental health and lifestyle choices in older populations, highlighting the potential of proactive mental health interventions to improve overall well-being.

Leisure Satisfaction as Predictor of Social Intelligence

One of the professions where social intelligence is significant for improving the quality of education and the social development of students is the teaching profession. In this context, it is important to study leisure satisfaction and the level of social intelligence of teachers in different departments using different parameters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive power of leisure satisfaction on social intelligence. The research group consisted of 283 teachers working in Ankara. The results of the study indicate that both the mean scores for leisure satisfaction and social intelligence differ statistically according to the frequency of teachers’ participation in leisure activities and their preferences. According to correlation analysis, positive and significant relationships were found between leisure satisfaction and social intelligence mean scores. Leisure satisfaction was found to be a significant determinant of teachers’ social intelligence levels according to regression analysis. Consequently, leisure satisfaction and social intelligence were found to increase in teachers who participate more frequently and actively in leisure activities. It was concluded that leisure satisfaction plays a significant role in participants’ social intelligence levels.

Factors Influencing Self-Esteem After a Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its consequences can significantly impact an individual's identity and self-esteem. However, there is limited research with respect to the trajectory of change over time and factors that may influence self-esteem levels. This study aimed to investigate: (1) changes in self-esteem over 3 years post-TBI; and (2) factors associated with self-esteem post-TBI. Outpatient. Self-esteem was measured in 1267 individuals with predominantly moderate to severe TBI (mean age = 36.38 years, mean days in posttraumatic amnesia = 26.16 days) using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at 1-, 2, and 3 years post-injury. Participants also completed the Structured Outcome Questionnaire and the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E). Linear mixed modeling indicated that self-esteem significantly declined between 1 and 2 years but remained stable between 2 and 3 years post-injury. Higher self-esteem was significantly associated with better functional outcomes (as measured by the GOS-E), more years of education, more participation in leisure activities, and lower reported anxiety and depression levels. Findings suggest that functional impacts of injury and emotional functioning influence self-esteem increasingly between 1 and 2 years post-injury. This highlights the importance of timely psychological interventions to maximize self-esteem in individuals with TBI post-injury.

성인 발달장애인의 평생교육 참여에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 분석

Purpose: This study utilized the raw data from the 2020 Disability Status Survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs to analyze the factors affecting the participation of adults with developmental disabilities in lifelong education. Methods: These factors were categorized into demographic, health, psychological, and social activity aspects. A logistic regression analysis was conducted with lifelong education participation as a dependent variable and the influencing factors as independent variables. Results: The findings are as follows. First, in the health aspect, higher subjective health status and lower need for assistance in daily life were associated with increased participation in lifelong education. Second, in the social activity aspect, previous experience in lifelong education, leisure activities, and use of welfare centers were found to enhance participation. Third, psychological factors did not significantly influence the participation of adults with developmental disabilities in lifelong education. Conclusions: Based on these results this study proposes practical and policy measures to enhance lifelong education participation among adults with developmental disabilities. These include developing health-related programs, promoting autonomous living in daily life, encouraging participation in leisure activities rather than formal education, expanding lifelong education institutions beyond welfare centers, and creating more opportunities for participation in lifelong education.

Leisure, community, workforce participation and quality of life in primary and secondary caregivers of autistic children.

Parents of Autistic children often modify their participation in leisure, social, and employment activities to meet the caregiving needs of their child. However, few studies have examined the impact this has on caregiver quality of life (QoL). The aim in the current study was to examine the role of participation in a range of activities on QoL amongst primary and secondary caregivers of school-aged Autistic children. Eighty-eight primary (93% mothers) and 63 secondary (91% fathers) caregivers of Autistic children (aged 7- to 12-years) participated in this cross-sectional study, with time pressure, participation, social support, parenting stress, and QoL measured via an online questionnaire. Compared to secondary caregivers, primary caregivers reported fewer employment hours, increased time pressure, less participation in desired activities, and higher perceived responsibility of domestic and child-rearing tasks. Similar levels of leisure frequency, parenting stress, and QoL were identified by both caregivers. Hierarchical regression revealed caregiver participation as important for QoL in both primary and secondary caregivers. However, when measures of caregiver well-being were added to the model, the unique contribution of participation to QoL was reduced, particularly for secondary caregivers. Overall, the findings demonstrate that despite differences in caregiver roles and responsibilities, participation in meaningful activities was important for QoL in all caregivers.

The potential and importance of exercise therapy in pediatric oncology – The PrepAIR study

Introduction Modern therapy has improved survival for children with cancer. However, treatment takes its toll. Children experience delays in motor development milestones such as walking, running, jumping or climbing, diminishing children’s quality of life and affecting their social reintegration. One side-effect of chemotherapy and crucial cause of the many dysfunctions is a peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Depending on the neurotoxic agent, 52%-100% of children are affected (Kandula et al. 2016). It causes severe symptoms such as loss of sensation, numbness, pain, absent reflexes as well as loss of balance control. It is also of high clinical relevance as it affects medical therapy. Additionally, recovery is poor and there are currently no treatment options (Loprinzi et al. 2020). Previous research has shown (Streckmann et al. 2022) promising results: Specific exercises can reduce symptoms of CIPN and improve patients’ quality of life. In our most recent study in adults, we were also able to prevent the onset of CIPN with clinical impact. We hypothesize that CIPN could be the root of many problems children experience during therapy. Our aim is to maintain relevant sensory and motor functions in children in order for them to receive their planned medical therapy and become fitter and socially better integrated survivors. Methods We are therefore currently running a large, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (Basel, Bern, Aarau, St. Gallen, Freiburg (D) and Berlin (D)), randomizing N = 131 children planned to receive a neurotoxic chemotherapy into an intervention group or a treatment as usual group and accompanying them throughout their oncological therapy. After therapy the control group will also be shown the training. Primary endpoint is the incidence of CIPN, secondary endpoints are postural control, dorsiflexion function, knee extension strength, lower limb power, walk to run transition time, CIPN-related pain, participation of exercise-related leisure activities, children’s’ physical self-concept and quality of life. Discussion/Conclusion We hypothesize that less children in the intervention group will develop symptoms of CIPN and will be able to maintain relevant motor and sensory functions which will enable them to receive their planned medical therapy but also to stay on the age-appropriate motor development level, improve their quality life and enhance social reintegration after therapy. This would show that specific exercise therapy is more than just a lifestyle intervention, it could be a therapy option without further side- effects, changing supportive care in oncology. This study will therefore contribute to our endeavors to implement exercise therapy in pediatric oncology long-term empowering patients to return to an active lifestyle and additionally reduce the risk of long-term secondary diseases.

Hyperdiluted Botulinum Toxin and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment: A Case Series to Illustrate a Novel Protocol for Hypertrophic Scar Reduction.

Hypertrophic scars can have significant and far-reaching effects on patients that range from itching to creating difficulty with mobility, all of which can negatively impact the individual's quality of life. A recent study showed that many patients with recent scars report pain, burning, pruritus, erythema, in combination with psychological difficulties that impact bodily movement, choice of clothing, and participation in leisure activities. Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNTA) and intense pulsed light (IPL) have shown promise in treating such scars. We propose a novel treatment protocol involving a 4-week intervention with hyperdiluted BoNTA injections and supplemental treatment with IPL for erythema, and a 6-month scar scale assessment and photographic documentation that occurs before and 6 months after treatment. We report four cases where using hyperdiluted BoNTA, either alone or in conjunction with IPL, substantially reduced scar size, improved overall scar appearance, and diminished erythema in areas on the face and the breasts. Although this report suggests that a schedule of alternating treatments with BoNTA and IPL may be beneficial in reducing scar size and enhancing appearance, further research is necessary to better understand the most effective dosages, the relationship between BoNTA and IPL, and the optimal management of scarring.

The longitudinal relationship between levels of cognitively stimulating leisure activity and positive and negative affect among older adults with MCI.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different levels of cognitively stimulating leisure activity (CSLA) participation and different levels of positive and negative affect among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using a repeated-measured multivariate analysis of covariance (RM-MANCOVA), this study analyzed the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data from 2012 to 2020 (N = 5932). The results presented the following. (a) The high CSLA group showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the mid and low groups. Also, the mid-CSLA group presented higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the low CSLA group. (b) Both positive and negative affect showed significant differences between years and indicated a continuously declining slope year by year without exceptions. (c) The high CSLA group not only presented higher positive affect and lower negative affect during the period but also solely showed a rebounding feature in the declining slope on both emotions. The findings of this study provide valuable support for the design and implementation of CSLA participation programs and clinical guidelines for older adults with MCI. The results highlight the importance of determining the optimal level of CSLA engagement that is required to promote emotional health and cognitive function in this population. Healthcare professionals and clinical practitioners can leverage the insights gained from this study to develop and deliver effective CSLA interventions tailored to the specific needs and capacities of older adults with MCI.

Vyresnio amžiaus asmenų naudojimasi internetu, laisvalaikio veiklų ir atminties gebėjimų lyginamoji analizė Baltijos šalyse

Advances in the healthcare system and socioeconomic progress have led to longer life expectancy, resulting in an ageing population and societal challenges for policymakers. Active ageing, promoted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe through the Active Ageing Index, highlights Capacity and Enabling Environment for Active Ageing. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use is crucial, enabling participation in social, economic, and cultural activities (UNECE, 2020). Research indicates cognitive changes in ageing, especially memory deterioration, associating these changes with genetics, education, and professional and leisure activities (Stern, 2009). According to research, ICT positively affects cognition, enhancing memory (Almeida et al., 2012; Benge et al., 2023), but may also pose cognitive issues (Nagam, 2023). Prioritizing cognitive health among the elderly in social policies is vital, with ICT playing a key role. The present study aimed to assess the links between Internet use and memory performance after controlling for demographic factors and leisure activities. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe’s 8th Wave (Börsch-Supan, 2022) included 2320 individuals aged 65–100 from Baltic countries. Memory was assessed using a modified Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Participation in leisure activities was assessed by asking respondents if they had taken part in any of the listed activities in the past year, and Internet use was assessed by asking about Internet use in the past 7 days. Significant associations were found between memory, leisure activities, and Internet use. Internet use predicted memory capacity in older adults, remaining significant after controlling for demographics, health, and leisure activities. The current findings show that Internet use might be valuable in predicting memory functioning among older adults and can potentially contribute to the protection of cognitive function.

COVID-19 Risk Perception, Stress-coping, and Life Satisfaction Differences in Leisure Involvement among Korean Immigrants in the United States

Objectives: COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on everyone’s life, and Asian immigrants,including Korean immigrants, were one of the most vulnerable groups during this period. Prior studieshave reported that leisure participation can be used as an effective strategy to cope with stressful andtraumatic life experiences and promote improved health and well-being. Methods: In this study, 237Korean immigrants living in the United States were asked to complete an online survey to explore thedifferences in COVID-19 risk perception, stress-coping, and health due to leisure involvement levels.Results: The results showed that the Highly Active Leisure Group (HALG) demonstrated significantly lowerstress perception and higher levels of life satisfaction compared to the Moderately Active Leisure Group(MALG) and the Less Active Leisure Group (LALG). However, we found no statistically significant differencesin COVID-19 risk perception and resiliency between the groups. Conclusions: This research highlightsthe importance of active leisure participation in coping with stressors related to traumatic life eventssuch as pandemics. To encourage active leisure involvement among ethnic minorities, such as Koreanimmigrants, recreation and sports professionals and local community leaders should strive to design anddevelop more culturally appropriate programs that incorporate activities associated with Asian cultures.

농촌지역 여성노인의 신체적 여가활동 참여가 신체적 기능과 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of a physical leisure activity program on the physical function and health-related quality of life of elderly women in rural areas. Methods: One hundred and thirteen elderly women living in rural communities participated using a one-group pre-post design. The physical leisure activity program was conducted for 16 group activities over 8 weeks. To determine changes in the physical function of the elderly after participation, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance ability were measured, and the 8 domain Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) was used to examine changes in quality of life. Results: The physical function of the participants in the program was significantly increased in upper and lower limb muscle strength, balance, and flexibility (p &lt; 0.05). The total score of QOL of elderly women who participated in the program also improved from 335.73 ± 52.93 points to 395.42 ± 28.79 points, and significantly changed in all sub-items (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Participation in leisure activities was confirmed effective not only in improving the physical health of the elderly women, but also in improving their quality of life. In the future, we look forward to the development and support of various participatory activity programs suitable for rural areas.

Co-production of a rehabilitation programme for young adult cancer survivors

Introduction: Globally, the focus on user involvement in health research has increased substantially. In Denmark, it is still at an early stage, with individual researchers being met with increasing demands without having much experience, guidance, or good practices to act upon. We are a group of researchers affiliated with User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions at the University of Southern Denmark and the Center for Research with Patients and Relatives (ForSa-P) at the Odense University Hospital. We work with patients and relatives in several aspects of our work – research and teaching; we share our experiences and learning in a joint session.&#x0D; This presentation describes a co-creation process of developing a rehabilitation programme for young adult cancer survivors (YACS)&#x0D; Background: Because of the cancer and late effects of treatment, YACS face numerous age-specific physical, psychological, existential, and social issues impacting participation in everyday life and decreasing their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Rehabilitation may improve participation in life roles, leisure activities and work and thus, heighten HRQoL. However, YACS rehabilitation needs are not being adequately met and multicomponent age-specific rehabilitation for YACS is limited.&#x0D; Objective: To develop an evidence-based, age-specific, multicomponent, and peer-based rehabilitation programme involving YACS and relevant stakeholders aiming to improve YACS participation in everyday life and their HRQoL.&#x0D; Methods: The development process of the programme drawn on the Medical Research Council UK framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and is inspired by Hawkins et al.’s three-staged framework for co-production. From September 2019 to March 2023, YACS, professionals and researchers co-developed a rehabilitation programme through three stages: 1) Evidence review and stakeholder consultations; 2) Co-production of the intervention by involving users in four workshops, and 3) Articulating the programme theory, developing an intervention manual, recruitment strategy and referral pathways and selecting outcome measures. Key findings from each stage were incorporated into the subsequently stage.&#x0D; Results: We developed a comprehensive goal-oriented and peer-based rehabilitation programme called the Young Adults Taking ACtion (YATAC). The programme draws on a person-centered approach, the Social Cognitive Theory, and John Dewey’s learning theory. It consists of nine components delivered by an interdisciplinary team: 1) Need assessment, 2) Goal setting, 3) Everyday life, 4) Physical activity, 5) Psychological issues, 6) Work and education, 7) Sexuality and relationship, 8) Rights and finance, 9) Friends and Family and 10) Peer-to-peer support. Further, outcome measures for the programme were chosen, recruitment strategies were described, and referral pathways were identified. The evaluation showed advantages and disadvantages and future points to pay attention to when participating in a co-production process. &#x0D; Conclusions: A multicomponent rehabilitation programme for YACS was developed involving the preferences and needs of YACS and stakeholders. Using co-production in the whole process of developing the programme will most likely lead to better evaluation and implementation in clinical practice. In addition, the comprehensive description of the development process and the knowledge derived from the process can inform future research of how to involve users in the development of rehabilitation interventions. Next step will be to feasibility test the programme.

Effects of lifestyle and its interaction with anemia on cognitive function in older adults: A longitudinal study.

A better understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors on cognitive function in older adults is critical for developing intervention strategies to achieve successful aging. Moreover, older adults who fulfill the World Health Organization criteria for anemia have a significantly higher risk of developing dementia. In the current study, we aimed to assess the buffering effects of lifestyle on cognitive function in older Chinese adults through a nationally representative survey. The sample consisted of 1201 participants (mean age: 82.39 ± 12.08 years, 52.1% female) from the 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between changes in lifestyle factors and the rate of cognitive function changes, as well as the effects of the interaction between lifestyle factors and anemia on cognitive function changes. Increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity delayed cognitive decline. Persistent anemia accelerated cognitive decline, while frequent participation in leisure activities delayed cognitive decline due to anemia. The increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity can alleviate the cognitive decline caused by aging itself, and more frequently participation in leisure activities can also alleviate the adverse effects of anemia on cognitive function in older adults.